Communication & leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Communication & leadership - Research Paper Example In the process of sharing information between two or more people a common understanding about a situation or an object occurs (Bateman & Snell, 2012, Chapter 9). Mutual understanding between the sender and the receiver of a message is the most important factor in the process of communication. Actually, people are involved in communication, because they want to reach common goals or mutual understanding. There is a need to simplify this process and make atmosphere of communication friendlier and full of trust. Within every organization there are a lot of barriers and pitfalls of communication. A real leader should be able to deal with difficulties and challenges and create a communication bridge among employees, CEOs, senior managers and managers. A concept of leadership has been considered in different researches and studies and various models of leadership, strategies et cetera have been considered many times. Still, a challenging concept of relation between effective leadership and communication still exists. A leader in the organization is the responsible person, which can bridge a communication gap between senders and receivers and encourage trust and understanding. There is a great importance to inspire employees to share their ideas openly and exert no negative influence on people within the organizations. A way to open thinking and generation of innovative ideas is a way to success for any organization. The modern business world is distinguished by a clear differentiation between definitions of leadership and management. Prof. Joseph Ross claims that a leader in the organization is a more influential person in his relations with employees in comparison with a manager, whose relations with people are based on authority (Maccoby, 2000). Vision about the future of the company is developed by the leader and managers take control over practical

How people are managed and how they lead. (There are four parts to the Assignment

How people are managed and how they lead. (There are four parts to the complete portfolio) - Assignment Example hostility, stress, guilt and sadness, increases the inevitability of an organization deviance, and how the outside world regards the firm or organization. Emotions normally are linked with some specific occurrences or events and are intense enough to interrupt thought processes. There are many consequences for allowing negative emotions to affect your general attitude at work. For a good organization, then emotions and emotion management plays a vital role in achieving its objectives. It is important to develop a desirable and observable emotional display as part of a job role. The ability to deal and manage emotions and emotional information in an organization helps workers in managing occupational stress and maintaining psychological well-being. This indicates that stress reduction and health protection could be achieved by increasing the personal resources of employees that comprise emotional intelligence. Additionally, stress reduction and health protection can be achieved by dec reasing work demands that cause stress. The increasing of EL skills responsible for successful job performance can help employees deal effectively with their emotional feelings, therefore reducing the level of job stress hence indirectly protecting their health (GRIFFIN & MOOREHEAD, 2012). Question 2 – Discuss, using ideas from the general model of stress, the causes (sources) of stress and thus how stress can be managed in the work place. In your response you must make reference to how the various causes of stress can be categorized. Work related stress is a harmful reaction a person has to undue demands and pressures placed on them at work. It is a chronic disease that result from conditions in the workplace that negatively affects a person’s performance or/and general welfare of his mind and body. Several mental and physical illness manifest job stress. But sometimes job stress can be disabling. In chronic situations a psychiatric consultation is recommended to validate the

The Lamb by William Blake Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Lamb by William Blake - Essay Example William Blake wanted to show that there are contrasts in all human behavior. The Lamb represents the spiritual side, nature, innocence and childhood. He is a principal theme in the Christianity. Other themes studied in this essay will be the origin of humanity, nature and innocence. Blake considers these themes passive in retrospect to the experience one performs in life. A stream, the English country side and a small innocent child who questions the values of life are passive in comparison to the actions of a "tyger". "By the stream and o'er the mead". The first stanza brings us to the English country side with a stream and a meadow. "By the stream and o'er the mead" is literal but Blake differentiates between the physical and the spiritual: "gave thee life, and bid thee feed" and "Gave thee such a tender voice". The alternating between the physical and the spiritual adds to the playfulness of a child asking a question and then answering it. The narrator is playing. He is answering his own questions. "Little Lamb, who made thee?" Then the next stanza. "Little Lamb, I'll tell thee." The scenario is set in the first stanza and it is a nice setting. The lamb is a metaphor for a child as there is then reference to a child asking questions in regards to his clothing. " Gave thee clothing of delight, Softest clothing, woolly, bright". In going one step deeper, the reader realizes that the questions are much more profound in the first stanza." Dost thou know who made thee?""Making all the vales rejoice?" This poem is in a child like song but the sophistication of the questions show that though the language is simple, the questions deal with the essence of humanity. In the first stanza the reader does not know who is asking the questions. He assumes, the narrator is a child talking but line three "Gave thee life, and bid thee feed", would not come from a child of either the 21st or 18th century. There are other interpretations. Is he a child; is he God or is he a pare nt asking the questions for his child? There is also reference that we are all the children of God. "Little lamb, who made thee? Dost thou know who made thee? If he is a parental figure and wanting to get the child to reflect on the existence of life. "Dost thou know who made thee?" In the second stanza, the narrator takes a different attitude. First by the form, the reference to Jesus by the 'He' and 'Himself' and 'He'. The narrator is stronger as he answers the questions in the first stanza. He alluded to the lamb being Jesus; to their having the same character traits of innocence, meekness and naivety. "For He calls Himself a Lamb. He is meek, and He is mild, "He became a little child" is his becoming a child of God."We are called by His name" is reference to our being children of God. "The Lamb" is a child's song. Blake wrote it in a common hymn like form that was well known in church. The trochaic meter was pleasing: ."Gave thee life, and bid thee feed. This continues throughou t the poem. He used another technique of repeating the first and last couplets of each stanza to continue the sing song effect : "Little Lamb, who made thee?" "Doest thou know who made thee?"" Little Lamb, I'll tell thee?""Little Lamb, God bless thee!". Another literary device was saying goodbye or good night in the last sentence as a lullaby."Little Lamb, God Bless thee!" The rhyme of the poem is AABBCCDDEE of the first stanza then AABBCCDDEE of the second stanza. The rhythm and the rimed couplets add

Jeff Wall Photography Essay Example for Free

Jeff Wall Photography Essay Jeff Wall’s photography is a mixed media event that indulges more in narrative than in color, although color is an important part of his composition. Wall’s photograph is unique as well as reminiscent: his work builds off of the work of Delecroix and Manet. In this fashion Wall’s work combines a sense of artistic style with film and the ever present narrative. This paper will present three photographs of Jeff Wall with analysis on their use of narrative, color, composition and meaning (Holmes paragraph One). The Destroyed Room Jeff Wall’s expression in The Destroyed Room is in reference to window displays. In this photographer however the viewer gains a very different perspective than the neat and pedestrian window displays seen on 5th avenue during Christmas, instead Wall presents a room ripped apart. The main inspiration to the chaos as opposed to the control seen in typical window displays is in accordance to the punk style in which commodities and fanciful things such as high heels (as seen in the photograph) become a form of high class culture which the punks sought out to de-value as unnecessary. Wall’s ‘revenge’ as he states in this room is against domesticity, of corpulent people living mediocre lives in display window fashion instead of focusing on what lies beneath the surface of their culture: the dirt, the chaos, the room shredded in a protest against a docile living condition placated the rich. Of this photograph, Wall states, â€Å"†¦ I was lecturing on Romanticism. I think the Sardanaphalus is a very important picture historically and psychologically because it shows the eroticized ideal of military glory which characterized the Napoleonic period being turned inward, back toward domestic life at the end of that epoch, at the beginning of modern, bourgeois, neurotic private life† (MoMA paragraph One). Thus, this photograph is an elaboration on the idea that domesticity has no truth and thus the violence of the upheaval in the room. The Mimic Jeff Wall’s photography while alluding to specific figures in art, and their work, does not necessarily ‘steal’ from these works, but enhances upon the concept which the artist originally wanted to present to the audience. In this fashion, Wall’s photography does not mimic other photographers but merely, as the saying goes, builds upon their shoulders, and their work into an evolution of art. In the photograph The Mimic Wall illustrates this point: Wall’s photograph pays homage to the works of ‘Manet, Caravaggio, and Valezquez’ (MoMa paragraph Four) in that his focal figures are in the foreground of the piece, and they, as much as possible, appear to be life size (this is accentuated in their movement and their surrounding environment such as the buildings, the street and their placement next to one another). By using a trio as the focal point in The Mimic, Wall creates a specific dynamic between these figures in which the tension is very much palpable as the viewer may surmise from the look of the woman to the right of the man flipping off the other man, in the look of the central figure, one of angst, hate, and general animosity and the response of the figure on the left of the central figure in his response to being flipped off; the squint of the eye and the snarl in the lip â€Å"Mimic was made in 1982 and was a pictures in which I concentrated a lot on a typical gesture, perhaps a micro-gesture but certainly a small gesture of race hatred† (MoMA paragraph Six). Wall does not only build tension in the photograph but in the elapsing space behind the central figures is seen the tension emphasized. Thus, although the photograph is expansive in its depth, it’s size and its movement from one figure to another it is also a very traditional ‘portrait’ as is presented in Wall’s comparing of it to the three prestigious artists as mentioned above. Thus, although the crude behavior may be of a punk generation (the photograph was made in 1982), the candidness juxtaposes the classical feel of the piece. Milk Here again the viewer will see a typical motion of Wall’s in his photographer, that of explosion. Although most of his photographs portray the act of explosion after the fact (as in The Destroyed Room) this photograph portrays the act of explosion while midway through the air. This is in itself is a gesture of magnitude, as the other photographs mentioned in the paper only hint or makes previous reference to this motion (the racial hatred in The Mimic shows the subtle look of someone about to explode but not the full act). In this photograph Wall explores the natural shape and form of an eruption, as Wall states, â€Å"The explosion of the milk from its container takes a shape which is not really describable or characterizable, but which provokes many associations. A natural form with all of its unpredictable contours, is an expression of infinitesimal metamorphoses of quality. Photography seems perfectly adapted for representing this kind of movement or form. I think this is because of the mechanical character of the action of opening and closing the shutter—the substratum of instantaneity which persists in all photography—is the concrete opposite kind of movement from, for example, the flow of a liquid† (MoMA paragraph Ten). Thus, the action of the milk stands as an opposite to the camera’s shutter therefore mingling two opposite components into a single photograph which in itself becomes a mirror for fluidity. Conclusion Wall’s photographs have been explored in this paper as examples of movement, form, and the narrative of destruction in all three photographs is a palatable theme. This destruction as seen in accordance to denying domesticity, to what race hatred may bring out in people, and in the explosion of the milk carton all are facets of the same definition, that is, destruction breeds movement, as is seen in each photograph either with the lens, or beyond the lens and into the story of the photograph. Wall’s photographs are narrative pieces that focus on the artist’s own personal narrative to his predecessor’s in art such as Caravaggio and Manet and hit tribute to them in his work reflecting their genius and taking their development of human form and space to the next level; to the level of including personal narrative with photographic art, thus truly standing on the shoulders’ of giants and reveling in a new dream and progression of art into this new century. Wall’s photographs are a timetable from the past and into the future. This theme of destruction, or eruption and focus on the human condition only propels these ideas forward in a classical backdrop of foreground and space with the radical movements of the punk era and the politics of race matched with the fluid form of shapes, emotions, and that narrative is the theme which ties it all together. Work Cited Deutsche Guggenheim. Jeff Wall. 2007. Online. Retrieved 14 November 2007. http://www. photography-now. com/artists/K08545. html Holmes, T. Jeff Wall. Photography Art Contemporary. 2006. Online. Retrieved 14 November 2007. http://www. photography-art

Creation Science and Intelligent Design :: essays research papers

There continue to be numerous efforts to introduce creationism in US classrooms. One strategy is to declare that evolution is a religion, and therefore it should not be taught in the classroom either, or that if evolution is a religion, then surely creationism as well can be taught in the classroom.[1] In the 1980's Phillip E. Johnson began reading the scientific literature on evolution. This led to the writing of Darwin on Trial, which examined the evidence for evolution from religious point of view and challenged the assumption that the only reasonable explanation for the origin of species must be a naturalistic one, though science is defined by searching for natural explanations for phenomena. This book, and his subsequent efforts to encourage and coordinate creationists with more credentials was the start of the "Intelligent Design" movement. Intelligent design asserts that there is evidence that life was created by an "intelligent designer" (mainly that the physical properties of an object are so complex that they must have been "designed"). Proponents claim that ID takes "all available facts" into account rather than just those available through naturalism. Opponents assert that ID is a pseudoscience because its claims cannot be tested by experiment (see falsifiable) and do n ot propose any new hypotheses. Many proponents of the ID movement support requiring that it be taught in the public schools. For example, the Discovery Institute and Phillip E. Johnson, support the policy of "Teach the Controversy", which entails presenting to students evidence for and against evolution, and then encouraging students to evaluate that evidence themselves. While many proponents of ID believe that it should be taught in schools, other creationists believe that legislation is not appropriate. Answers in Genesis has said: "AiG is not a lobby group, and we oppose legislation for compulsion of creation teaching ... why would we want an atheist forced to teach creation and give a distorted view? But we would like legal protection for teachers who present scientific arguments against the sacred cow of evolution such as staged pictures of peppered moths and forged embryo diagrams ..."[2] Opponents point out that there is no scientific controversy, but only a political and religious one, therefore "teaching the controversy" would only be appropriate in a social studies, religion, or philosophy class. Many, such as Richard Dawkins, compare teaching intelligent design in schools to teaching flat earthism, since the scientific consensus regarding these issues is identical.

Womens Inferior Status in The Bible Essay -- Status of Women in the B

Corinthians 14:34 states, â€Å"Let the women keep silence in the churches: for it is not permitted unto them to speak; but let them be in subjection, as also saith the law† (Holy Bible, King James Edition). Edith Hamilton, "recognized as the greatest woman Classicist", says that the Bible is the only book before our century that looked to women as human beings, no better nor worse than men (Tanner). However, it cannot be said that this book was consistently favorable to women. Maybe not absolutely, but conditionally in personal opinion, the Bible shows numerous examples of a woman’s inferiority to men, an assessment that has been translated into the cultures of generations. In this essay I will address briefly instances in the bible pertaining to women, and continue on with thoughts on how I believe these notions have been interpreted into society. Interpretations of the Bible are influential to our society because in the United States, approximately eighty-three percent of the population is Christian, according to a poll performed by ABC News. Perhaps the Bible is written with women subservient to men because the very story of creation is written as such. Genesis serves as the foundation of not only our universe, but also the religious text. In the biblical story of creation, Adam came first, then came the animals, and then last of all came Eve, putting the origin of women last. Then, it is Eve who is vulnerable enough for evil to deceive her into taking the apple and she who persuades Adam to follow her example. This sets up a basis that women are inherently weak and sinful for the rest of the faith to be built upon. (Stanton) The negative view of the female sex continues in Leviticus, in a section dictating the re... ... a merely a reflection of Hebrew society of the time (Stanton). Jesus Christ, being a reformer, should have improved the status of women with his message of love and acceptance. However, there is no denying that the stigma is carried with women into the present day. Women’s position in society can be greatly attributed to their depiction in religious text. Holy word is still a factor in making women more susceptible, more culpable, and more sinful an impure than men. Even as women move up in the social order, religion is timeless and ever bearing on the struggle women fight for sexual equality. Works Cited The Holy Bible. New York: Penguin, 1994. Print. King James Version. Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, et al. The Woman’s Bible . Salem: Ayer Company, Publishers, 1988. Tanner, Stephen L. Women in Literature of the Old Testament. University of Idaho, 1975.

A Study Of Solar Home Systems Environmental Sciences Essay

Electricity, identified as a basic human demand, is a key to economic growing, coevals of employment, riddance of poorness and human development particularly in rural communities. Adequate supplies of suited signifiers of this energy at acceptable cost for development, is an indispensable requirement for power suppliers.The crisp additions of oil monetary values in early 70s drew attending to energy supply jobs ( Energy in Ghana 2010 ) . Developing states in peculiar felt the impact of the high oil monetary values since import of energy takes a greater proportion of their export net incomes compared to the developed states. The two chief attacks for rural electrification are ; extension of power from the national grid to selected countries and the usage of Diesel bring forthing Stationss to function a little web which could non profit from the grid. Both ways have their ain short approachs. There is a high fiscal deductions associated with the extension of the grid over long distances ensuing in system instability every bit good as hapless burden factor and the troubles in the care of the long transmittal lines particularly in hard terrain. ( Kamalapur and Udaykumar 2010 ) Diesel generators on the other manus require regular supplies of fuel which sometimes are of major jobs for rural countries, particularly at certain season of the twelvemonth when the hapless nature of the roads in such countries are practically unpassable. Their predicaments worsen when fuel deficit hit the state at big. Besides the proviso of fuel, the keeping of competent operation care staff is really hard since offer of competitory wages are normally a major restraint. ( McNelis, Derrick and Starr 1988 ) Even with the qualified staffs, the necessity in obtaining the necessary spare parts in clip of demand to maintain the system running is a major factor. ( McNelis, Derrick and Starr 1988 ) . Rural electrification is regarded as a development precedence of most developing states like Ghana. Although big amounts of money are spent every twelvemonth on rural electrification, it will take old ages for small towns far off from the national grid to profit from a reasonably low-cost and dependable power supply. By the virtuousness of its geographical location, within the Torrid Zones ( lat.50, 36'N: Long. 00,10'E ) , Ghana is endowed with of course abundant renewable energy resources. The resources include Hydro, Bio and Solar energies ( Abakah, 1995 ) . Bio energy exists in the signifier wood fuels in the forest countries ; but its rate of development outweighs its regeneration. Hydro energy on the other manus is presently under-exploited. The state has two hydro-electric power Stationss and two thermic Stationss. However energies produced by these power Stationss are unequal for the states energy demands and has to import energy to supplement it ( Abakah, 1995 ) . It was estimated in the twelvemonth 2000 that electricity accounted for about 11 % of the entire energy consumed. The unequal supply of power chiefly obtained from hydro and thermic beginnings compelled the state to import some sum of energy from La Cote d'Ivoire to supplement her domestic supply particularly during peak hours. ( Energy in Ghana 2010 ) It was expected that by the twelvemonth 2010 the states energy system will alter from the mostly hydro-based system to a mostly thermal-based 1 with the hope of utilizing natural gas as the chief beginning of fuel. The alteration was to be made possible by the West African Gas Pipeline Project, which was expected to transport natural gas from Nigeria to Ghana. ( Energy in Ghana 2010 ) The current national entree to electricity supply is about 43 % of the population. However, over 80 % of the domestic electricity supply is consumed in the metropoliss and urban towns. ( Energy in Ghana 2010 ) Hydropower and imported dodo fuel are the chief energy beginnings used to bring forth electricity in the state. Ghana soon depends extremely on petroleum oil and wood fuel for her energy ingestion. The state ‘s energy ingestion therefore increase yearly as a consequence of growing in population coupled with economic activities every bit good as rural-urban migration and inflow of imported vehicles. Solar energy is available in limitless measures. It is merely used in its natural province largely for saving intents. Other resources like the air current energy, tides and geothermal are undistinguished in the state ( Abakah, 1995 ) . Heavy dependance on commercial fuel such as rough oil to run into the demands of the turning population is dismaying ensuing in short supply in energy. The deficit of the state ‘s energy supply compelled power suppliers to present burden casting which is more marked in the rural countries. ( Energy in Ghana 2010 ) Literature reappraisal Rural electrification is an of import component for rural growing and the relief of poorness in a state. ( Kamalapur, Udaykumar 2010 ) . In Ghana, electricity has non played the expected function in the socio-economic growing of the rural communities. Majority of the population of the state live in the rural countries. The consequence of population growing and supply jobs of fuels has a great impact on the inordinate usage of bio fuels particularly in the rural countries ensuing in deforestation through extra felling of trees ( Energy in Ghana 2010 ) The authorities ‘s aspiration to supply electricity to all rural communities by the twelvemonth 2020 is far from realization due to fiscal restraint as a barrier. This makes it extremely impossible for authorities to to the full run into all demand of energy supply with national grid system. The economic status of Ghana does non allow immediate solution of power crisis by imported fuels. With the rich solar resources available throughout the twelvemonth in Ghana and taking into history the cost component of PV solar place systems ( SHS ) as against the grid-connected system, the better option is to see Solar place system ( SHS ) as an alternate energy beginning for rural electrification in Ghana. Purpose: This undertaking is aimed at the design of suited Solar Home System ( SHS ) using appropriate devices such as maximal power point tracker and dc-dc convertor for rural electrification utilizing solar resources to run into some of their basic energy demands such as: lighting, cookery, H2O pumping, telephone communicating, and other consumer tools such as wirelesss, telecastings, iceboxs etc. Aim: At the terminal of this undertaking ; An efficient, dependable and low-cost solar place system ( SHS ) for rural electrification will be designed utilizing PV faculty as the power beginning. Communities in the rural countries could hold entree to electricity. [ A suited dc-dc convertor will be designed to fit District of Columbia battery tons. Clinics and wellness Centres in the distant countries will utilize the power to hive away vaccinums and indispensable drugs in deep deep-freezes and visible radiation every bit good doing usage of the power available. Schools in the distant countries will besides profit from the system. Rural Urban impetus could cut down Communities will profit from some societal activities With the handiness of power. The power supplied by a solar panel depends on the sunstroke, temperature and electromotive force of the panel and so an of import consideration in the design of efficient solar systems is to track the correct maximal power point ( MPPT ) . ( Hur, Shen 1998 ) . The intent of the MPPT is to travel the panel runing electromotive force near to the MPP under altering atmospheric conditions. ( Solar Energy International 2010 ) Basic map of maximal power point trailing ( MPPT ) system A extremely efficient dc-dc convertor to optimise electrical power for photovoltaic ( PV ) cell, is the maximal power point tracker. It ensures faculties operate near maximal power point. This helps to bring forth suited power to drive tonss. When PV faculties are used for the beginning of energy, MPPT is used to rectify fluctuations in the system by leting the accountant to track the maximal power point of the array throughout the twenty-four hours to in order to present the maximal energy available to the battery ( Solar Energy International 2010 ) . With MPPT, a higher end product electromotive force of faculties than battery systems can be used by consumers. System complexness is minimised by the MPPT. It has the ability to supervise the end product electromotive force and current from the panel and decides the operating point of power to the batteries. It prevents soaking and dispatching to solar panels. ( Anderson, Dohan and Sikora 2003 ) The nonlinear fluctuation of end product electromotive force and current are overcome by the MPPT every bit good. ( Tharama, Kumar and Naik 2005 ) .It has the ability to increase the efficiency of solar panels 25 % -30 % more the normal accountant ( Solar Energy International 2010 ) Photovoltaics: Photovoltaic systems are solar systems that produce electricity straight from sunshine. ( Solar Energy International ) . The system produces clean, dependable energy. It does non do usage of fossil fuels. It is widely used in many applications. A common application for PV engineering is illuming, powering of wirelesss, pocket reckoners, tickers etc. It is besides used on big graduated table to supply consumers with solar-generated electricity or as a back-up for critical equipment. In this undertaking, PV panel will be used as the chief power beginning. Solar radiation received by the panel, are stored in batteries for usage latter.Other Maximum.Other devices and equipment work together in harmoniousness to accomplish a good consequence. ( Solar Energy International 2010 ) . The Sun ‘s place alterations with clip ensuing in panels having changing Sun light so MPPT integrating a convertor and accountant will be used to fit the d.c battery burden. ( Solar Energy International 2010 ) . Besides the usage of equipment and devices for the systems, some of import factors are taken in consideration to guarantee a good design. These includes: latitude, the degree of radiation over a period of clip, cloud, shadiness, joust, orientation.etc Barricading rectifying tube Ipv req dc-dc convertor m Vo Ipv, Vpv MPPT Control Drive Circuit Circuit Fig. 2 shows overall conventional of the PV faculty with MPPT accountant ( Beginning: Photovoltaic major undertaking overview ) Gnatt chart demoing clip program of the undertaking